The Autism Society Event and Education Recordings Archive

This session will include information and current evidence related to the risk and causes of obesity in adults with autism spectrum disorder, and barriers to participation in recreational physical activity. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically have difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and behavior. They may also present with intellectual disability, difficulties in motor coordination, attention deficit disorder, sensory processing disorder and seizure disorder. These impairments result in difficulty participating in recreational physical activity with peers. Moreover, obesity has a higher prevalence within this population, particularly teens and young adults, for whom opportunities for physical activity in a social context is diminished. Engagement in physical activity has been shown to improve motor function and exercise capacity, social and communication skills, attention, motivation, self-esteem, and desire to participate in community peer activities. There is limited research on the benefits of recreational physical activity as perceived by individuals with ASD and their family members. This session will describe a community-based physical fitness program, and its impact on physical, social and emotional well-being in young adults with ASD. The program has been implemented for 3 years.

Physical Fitness Program Description

Weekly community-based physical training sessions, run by physical therapy and occupational therapy faculty and students, were designed to improve the participants' level of physical fitness, understanding of physical activity and healthy lifestyle, social/peer interaction, and self-esteem. The program consisted of pre- and post-season fitness testing, fitness training, peer-modeling, team membership, competitions, and social events. Following program completion, pre- and post- fitness test scores were compared, and participants and their family members were interviewed about their experience and perspectives on the impact of the training program on physical, social and emotional well-being.

Outcomes of the Program

The program was highly successful. Participants demonstrated improved levels of fitness when pre- and post-season fitness test scores were compared. In addition, participants and family members noted improved levels of fitness and motivation for physical activity that extended beyond the program. Furthermore, they expressed surprise and excitement at the social-emotional benefits of the program that enabled participation with peers. Many participants formed lasting friendships. Common themes from interviews included: A Safe Place (acceptance), Support (for team members and parents), Engagement (socialization and friendship), Something to Look Forward To (enjoyment), Pride, and Physical Activity (motivation and carryover). These outcomes will be presented in detail during the presentation.

Discussion

Findings support development of similar inter-professional programs to promote community participation and improve health and well-being for young adults with ASD. Ideas for inclusion and collaboration of additional professions (beyond occupational and physical therapy) to support development and longevity of similar programs will be discussed.

Participants who attend this presentation will be able to:

1. Describe the physical benefits of participation in a community-based fitness program designed for adults with autism spectrum disorder.
2. Describe the social benefits of participation in a community-based fitness program designed for adults with autism spectrum disorder.
3. Identify necessary resources and strategies for developing a supportive fitness program for adults with autism spectrum disorder in their local community.